First Aid & Emergencies

Understanding Sprains and Strains -- the Basics

What Are Sprains and Strains?

Sprains and strains, from twisted ankles to aching backs, are among the most common injuries. A sprain is a stretching or tearing of ligaments, the tough, fibrous bands of tissue that connect bones to one another at a joint. A strain is a stretching or tearing of muscle tissue, commonly called a pulled muscle.

Given adequate time and rest, most sprained joints or strained muscles will heal themselves. But severe tearing or complete rupture of the affected tissues usually requires surgical repair. And damage caused by a sprain can leave the bones in the affected joint improperly aligned, or the ligaments so stretched and weakened that the joint is particularly vulnerable to future injury.

What Causes Sprains and Strains?

Anything that places sudden or unaccustomed stress on joints or muscles may cause a sprain or strain. Chronic overuse of a joint can lead to stretching of ligaments, chronic inflammation, or chronic irritation of a muscle tendon. Falls, lifting heavy objects, and the exertion of an unfamiliar sport are common culprits. Being overweight, inactive, or in poor physical condition boosts the likelihood of injury. Improperly warming up and not stretching muscles before intense physical activity can also result in injury.