

Please call 911 immediately if you are having chest pain, difficulty breathing, severe bleeding, sudden weakness or numbness, or if you think you have a medical emergency.
Hip Fracture - References
Citations
Smith WR, et al. (2006). Musculoskeletal trauma surgery. In HB Skinner, ed., Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Orthopedics, 4th ed., pp. 81–162. New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill.
Orosz GM, et al. (2004). Association of timing of surgery for hip fracture and patient outcomes. JAMA, 291(14): 1738–1743.
Howell JR, et al. (2004). Minimally invasive hip replacement: Rationale, applied anatomy, and instrumentation. Orthopedic Clinics of North America, 35(2): 107–118.
Bhandari M, et al. (2003). Internal fixation compared with arthroplasty for displaced fractures of the femoral neck. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 85-A(9):1673–1681.
Binder EF, et al. (2004). Effects of extended outpatient rehabilitation after hip fracture: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 492(7): 837–846.
Qaseem A, et al. (2008). Pharmacologic treatment of low bone density or osteoporosis to prevent fractures: A clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine, 149(6): 404–415.
National Osteoporosis Foundation (2008). Prevention. Available online: www.nof.org/prevention/index.htm.
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, et al. (2004). Effect of vitamin D on falls: A meta-analysis. JAMA, 291(16): 1999–2006.
Porthouse J, et al. (2005). Randomised controlled trial of calcium and supplementation with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) for prevention of fractures in primary care. BMJ, 330(7498): 1003.
Grant AM, et al. (2005). Oral vitamin D3 and calcium for secondary prevention of low-trauma fractures in elderly people (randomised evaluation of calcium or vitamin D, RECORD): A randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet, 365(9471): 1621–1628.
Feskanich D, et al. (2002). Walking and leisure-time activity and risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women. JAMA, 288(18): 2300–2306.
Ettinger MP (2003). Aging bone and osteoporosis: Strategies for preventing fractures in the elderly. Archives of Internal Medicine, 163(18): 2237–2246.
Other Works Consulted
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and American Academy of Pediatrics (2005). Fracture of the proximal femur. In LY Griffin, ed., Essentials of Musculoskeletal Care, 3rd ed., pp. 423–427. Rosemont, IL: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.
American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (2007). Minimally Invasive Hip Replacement. Available online: http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00404&return_link=0.
Fiechtner JJ (2003). Hip fracture prevention. Postgraduate Medicine, 114(3): 22–32.
Goldstein WM, Branson JJ (2004). Posterior-lateral approach to minimal incision total hip arthroplasty. Orthopedic Clinics of North America, 35(2): 131–136.
Mercier LR (2000). Fractures of the hip. In Practical Orthopedics, 5th ed., pp. 172–176. St. Louis: Mosby.
Morris AH, Zuckerman JD (2002). National consensus conference on improving the continuum of care for patients with hip fracture. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 84-A(4): 670–674.
Oliver D, et al. (2007). Hip fracture, search date January 2007. Online version of Clinical Evidence (10): 1110.
WebMD Medical Reference from Healthwise
Hip Fracture Topics
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